Abstract: According to 2003~2017 Water Resources Bulletin of Changjiang River Basin and Southwest Rivers in China, we analyze the variation characteristics in the volume of water resources and the variation laws in water supply and water consumption. We also analyze water use indices and their variations. The results show:① there is a insignificant change in the volume of water resources;② total water consumption increases slowly, and agricultural water consumption tends to level off while industrial and domestic water consumption increases;③ water consumed for per ten thousand Yuan GDP and industrial added value drop significantly, therefore water-use efficiency is improved remarkably;④ abundant water resources are being under-exploited and under-utilized in the basin.